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Josef Flammer
Josef Flammer (
*April 21, 1948 in Trungen, Canton St. Gallen, Switzerland) is a Swiss ophthalmologist and long-time director of the Eye Clinic at Basel University Hospital. Flammer is considered one of the most important explorers of the pathogenesis and therapy of glaucoma and has developed a new pathogenetic concept of glaucomatous damage according to which unstable blood supply leads to oxidative stress, which in turn plays a major role in apoptosis (cell death) of cells in optic nerve and retina in glaucoma patients.
== Life and medical training ==
Josef Flammer was born on a farm near the village of Bronschhofen in the Canton of St. Gallen. He attended secondary school in Wil and boarding school in Gossau. In 1968 he began to study medicine, first in Fribourg, then in Berne. Flammer spent his junior doctor years in the fields of internal medicine, neurology and ophthalmology - he finally decided to become an ophthalmologist and completed his education at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver before returning to the University of Berne. In 1984 he was appointed chief physician of the University Eye Clinic Berne, in 1987 he accepted an appointment as chair of ophthalmology and director of the University Eye Clinic Basel, over which he presided until his retirement in December 2013.
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